Thus, we cannot assume that since the ark landed on the mountains of Ararat that the trees growing in that region today are the same types that would have been available to Noah before the flood. Yet there is a beauty in knowing that whatever the identity or meaning of gopher wood is, this small detail has been faithfully written out and handed down for ages. . He is very good at building and digging tunnels and he often uses rather unusual tools, such as . Thus, connections between the first two words (pitch and bribe/ransom) and kaphar are easy to see. It is unclear if gopher wood really existed. This botanical fact casts an interesting theological light on Genesis 6:14, where God instructs Noah to build a large ship. The Bible (Genesis 6:15) says, Noah, as ordered by Lord, made the ark out of gopher wood on which he and his kin and some of earth`s fauna outlived the great flood that submerged the planet. What kind of trees were used to build the Ark? Please take our Tour to find out what we look for in well-researched answers: Welcome, Kambang kalu. All rights reserved. q[uod]. Latin term cupressus, of identical meaning. There is no way for us to know at present whether the timbers squared of the LXX is an accurate translation of the Hebrew text, which technically refers to trees of gopher. The word can also refer to sticks or logs. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD. (Leviticus 5:15) Is it suspicious or odd to stand by the gate of a GA airport watching the planes? When simply speaking of the trees themselves rather than the wood from the tree being used for construction, the Old Testament usually just identifies the tree. There were different kinds of wood that could have served this purpose but God was specific about Gopher wood. He spends his free time hanging out with his family, exploring new places, and writing about the experiences. King Solomon made the doors to the temples inner sanctuary and the two large cherubim on the walls therein from trees of olive (1 Kings 6:2331). The article proceeds to build on this mistaken claim to proclaim that God included deep spiritual truths about his judgment and protection in the arks building materials of gopher wood and pitch. Newsletter 5842-001 The Torah of the Bondservant. More information about Gopherwood may be found here.. Is there really such a thing as gopher wood? The first mention of the word gopher woodin the Bibleis within the book of Genesisand it reads Godtold Noahto build an ark(a huge box-shaped vessel) of "gopher wood". This term can carry profound spiritual truth, especially when referring to Christs atoning work. Third, although there is no known etymological connection between these terms, it would be possible that they were related conceptually if the known meanings of the terms overlapped. The wood is call golnopher letter lno is missing in the word gopher wood it is s special wood we local people build our canoes its our local language same as the word Maria the bitter water that Moses touch and make it sweet Maria means ginger bitter and other word is mana bread from heaven its our local language for food call manang na na mising there are plenty words but i give only few Oh, and getting back to the original question about whether we used gopher wood to build the ark at the Ark Encounterif Engelmann spruce or Douglas fir happen to be descended from that mysterious lumber, then yes, we built at least some of our ark out of gopher wood. The Bibles mentions of cedarwood make clear that this was a strong and valuable type of wood, used in building Solomons Temple (1 Kings 6:15). Botanists have confirmed that at least a single gopher is standing there on the fringes of a forest path between Kochu Pamba and Gavi in Pathanamthitta district. Similarly, the cedars of Lebanon were prized by the Egyptians For example, a cross (angry) person might cross (move from one side to another) a room to hit someone with a right cross (a type of punch). The henna blossoms might have originally referred to the dye made from this plant that was then used to coat or cover a persons nails or dye their hair, but this seems to be quite a stretch. They believe that it is a process used to prepare the wood in the arks construction. What did they use to build the city and Tower? @NigelJ. Gopher was conceived in 1991 as one of the Internet's first data/file access protocols to run on top of a TCP/IP network. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The Genesis flood covered the entire globe, and the pre-flood world perished (2 Peter 3:6). Jeffrey P. Tomkins, Ph.D., and James J. S. Johnson, J.D., Th.D. 1 pages 3-11; along with the following WEBlink htpps://aroyking.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/the-connection-between-halloween-and-the-great-flood/), Come away, come away, death, The three main categories in which gophers fall are: Gopher is a word unknown elsewhere in Hebrew or allied languages. How big was the Ark compared to a cruise ship? 5858 / 2022. All rights reserved. The shadow of things He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches. (Revelation 3:22) It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. One thing we can know for sure is that gopher wood doesnt have anything to do with the little mammals we call gophers. All of these term have in common the basic to cover-centered concept (Davidson, Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon: Gen 6. Please follow the instructions we emailed you in order to finish subscribing. As for Noah's Ark: Noah was commanded to build it of gopher wood. It is indeed true that the Bible says that the ark was built of gopher wood, which is thought by some to be pine, by others cedar , or risinous wood. But whether this kind of tree is still around today is unknown. Some are genuinely curious to find out if we will be able to use the same type of wood that Noah did, while others are more skeptical in . Lagarde considered that it was connected with gophrith, meaning "brimstone," or "pitch," while others connect it with kopher, also meaning "pitch"; hence, along both lines, we . Those that offer cypress, cedar, or some other pine are merely guessing based on what lumber might have been suitable for building a large wooden vessel. Noah and seven of his family members were to stay in this ark so they would be protected from the worldwide floodGod was about to send. What wood was the ark of the covenant made of? Where is the replica of Noahs Ark built? To go to a Gopher address using the Lynx browser, hit the "g" key on your keyboard. Contact for more information. There are about 35 species of gopher, all found in Central and North America. It is likely a loan word. The 3.3 million board feet of wood was harvested from as far away as Oregon and British Columbia. flood destroyed the entire face of the earth, The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications, 50th Anniversary Edition by Morris & Whitcomb. How It Works Gopher is similar to another Internet protocol, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), because it remotely accesses files over a TCP/IP internetwork such as the Internet. Jason Soroskiis a homeschool dad and member of the worship team at matthias lot church in St. Charles, MO. Best regards Peggy Latham Studied at LIfelong Study of the Word of God Author has 201 answers and 62.9K answer views 3 y Many of us can recall the image of Noah and the Ark from our childhood. At the moment, we have no way of knowing if the timbers squared of the LXX are correct translations of the Hebrew text. Instead, these are four distinct homonyms, separate words with identical spelling. Only around 200 survive today. Even the scientific reality of biblical truth has much to reveal not only about the veracity of Gods Word but about the omnipotence and eternal genius of our mighty Creator and Redeemer. Perhaps Noah used cypress, but we really can't be sure. Gopher is not named for the animal of the same name; it is simply a transcription1 of the Hebrew word . Make yourself an ark of gopher-wood [1]. Noah stands with flowing beard, giraffes project necks out a window, two zebras walk up the gangplank. "We have not fixed any name-board on as we fear that it might prompt the wood smugglers to cut it and sell as it could fetch a big price on account of its Biblical association," he said. Where did the wood for the Ark Encounter come from? It has also been suggested that the type of tree used by Noah still exists today in India. Furthermore, God instructed Noah to construct the ark out of gopher wood. These four words are commonly translated as pitch (Genesis 6:14), bribe or ransom (Exodus 21:30), henna blossoms (Song of Solomon 1:14), and open village (1 Samuel 6:18). Watch a Gopher dig tunnels in the "Gopher Farm". Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. " Unfortunately for the curious, the true identity of gopher wood, along with the final resting place of the ark that was made of it, has been lost to time and is impossible to determine. Gophers are not in the squirrel family, they are in an entirely different family of rodents known as Geomyidae, which includes the beaver. As mentioned before, Hebrew nouns are usually derived from verbal roots. So why would they be required to make an ark out of brimstone when the world was being Judged by water and not fire. There is no translation for this tree. But one such is still standing robust in the forest in the Periyar Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Kerala. Known as the mournful tree by the Greeks and the Romans, the tree was sacred to the Fates and Furies as well as the rulers of the underworld [like Pluto, the classical ruler of the underworld (see, for example the entry Cyprs in the Dictionnaire des Symboles, by Jean Chevalier and Alain Gheerbrant)]. Hebrew? Cypress was often used by shipbuilders in the ancient Near East. Answers in Depth explores the biblical worldview in addressing modern scientific research, history, current events, popular media, theology, and much more. is an unknown type of material, although it undoubtedly refers to some Loose, sandy soil with edible plant cover is the best habitat for pocket gophers. How long was Noah on the ark. How many trees did it take to build the Ark? 48 (5). Newsletter 5842-005 The Death of Nimrod And The Beginning of the King of the South. Thanks for contributing an answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange! 1) what kind of properties did the Gopher wood possess that would have caused it to be preferred for the salvation of eight souls from a flood. It is also very likely that gopher wood doesnt exist today. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? Get our Question of the Week delivered right to your inbox! Look at what the leading lexical reference works have to say about this term. Answer 1Gopher wood is only mentioned once in the Bible- it was the word used for the wood that made up Noah's Ark. Genesis 6:14 states that Noah was to build the Ark of gofer (Hebrew: ), more commonly transliterated as gopher wood, a word not otherwise known in the Bible or in Hebrew. It does not speak of trees of cedar and trees of sycamore. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. 1) The Security of . Gopher tree can be cypress or any of the following: cedar, pine, ebony, fir, wicker, juniper, acacia, bulrushes, and boxwood. 1).The Jasper Ridge Site (CA-SMA-204) is a large Late Horizon Phase I midden deposit excavated by Barbara Bocek in the early 1980s (Bocek, 1987). The only place you can see these unusual trees is the alleged site of the Garden of Eden and a few miles up the road at the Torreya State Park. 1,500: Number of people the ark can hold. Lets look at an example in English to see why it is a mistake to base theological speculations on purported etymological connections. When we put these original biblical terms into the context of the organic compounds that form the structural basis of trees and industrial applications of lumber, the coincidence is remarkable. As the written documentation of Gods interaction with humanity, the Bible is filled with miraculous and amazing events. This is interesting in light of local legend that Practical biblical truth and profound examples of judgment and redemption can be found throughout Genesis. In ancient Hebrew, it would actually have been pronounced with the "soft g:" i.e. Kids, discover fun facts about Gods creation Meet our Donor Relations team led by Director Charles (Chas) Morse. Why was Abraham required to bring three year old offerings/sacrifices in Genesis 15:7? Both the Ark and Noah serve as foreshadowing types of Christ, and much has been written about them in this respect.4. Pine wood is not the best wood to use indoors in a fire place, because it smokes heavily and clogs your chimney the fastest. Cypress was often used by shipbuilders in the ancient Near Brimstone is used in the final judgment which is eternal and unending. and what would happen then? The Ark required 3.1 million board feet of timber, and more than 1.2 million board feet of square timbers were needed for the frame itself. DeepMind's research went on to say that Gopher almost halves the accuracy gap from GPT-3 to human expert performance and exceeds forecaster expectations. But one such. The wood of a resin-yielding conifer, probably the cypress, used in making the ark ( Gen. 6:14 ). . The tree standing at Gavi forest is of robust stem and lush foliage. The word for pitch is kopher, and it is a noun based on the verbal root kpr. Ararat recently? Any wood suitable for building a large ship is a plausible candidate for gopher wood. Gopher wood or gopherwood is a term used once in the Bible for the substance from which Noah's ark was built. Their objective is to transform donated resources into Scripture-affirming science What would you think if you discovered a dust-covered iPhone next to a mummy inside an Egyptian coffin? The Ark Encounter consists of approximately 3,300,000 board feet (7,800 m3) of wood. Modern scientists report that the Torreya once lived across North America and is one of the oldest known tree species on earth. Noahs story is without question one of the most amazing ever told. The Smith Bible Dictionary defines gopher wood as any trees of the resinous kind, such as pine, fir, or cypress. But when you try to define what is the exact tree using gopher wood of Genesis 6:14, there are a few things to consider. Why did God bless Abraham's marriage with Sarah if she was his sister and incestuous relationships are categorically prohibited in Scripture? How long did it take to build Noahs Ark? Gopher wood Gopher woodor gopherwoodis a term used once in the Bible for the substance from which Noah's ark was built. First, in the Hebrew language, a noun typically does not become the root of another noun. There is some overlap in gopher and groundhog habitats, though they do not live in all of the same places. However, leading academic lexicons like HALOT and Clines give this word four separate entries, making it clear that this is not one word with four separate meanings. Instead of being translated as "Praise God," this word has been left for us to sound out as it would be in the original Hebrew and continues to be a powerful expression of praise. 2) Is there anything that this particular wood symbolises either through the etymology of its name or from other sources? It is from. Likewise, the Nova Vulgata (20th century) has it as de lignis cupressinis ('out of cypress wood'). The Final World: Renovation or New Creation? Gopher wood or gopherwood is a term used once in the Bible for the substance from which Noah's ark was built. Noahs Ark prefigures salvation in Christ (. And scientists determined it is gopher wood! What is gopher wood? It provides three other definitions as well. Because of this, there is much dispute as to what the word means, and even if it is the correct word! In Hebrew, "gopher wood" is " " "atzei-go'fehr." The traditional English translation reproduces the sound of the Hebrew "" without actually translating it. Acacia trees were used as raw material for the construction of the Tabernacle and for the building of its utensils: the Ark of the Covenant, the Altar and the Table and the Pillars of the Curtain. That may not seem like an important point, but in the Hebrew Scriptures, the ark (tb, pronounced ty-vah) Noah built is never referred to by the same word used for the ark (arn) of the covenant built by Bezalel under Moses. The first three consonants of this term (g-p-r) match the Hebrew consonants in gopher. Long, wheelchair accessible ramps connect each deck (no steps), however, there is also an elevator tucked away for those who need it. go'-fer wood (`atse ghopher): The wood from which Noah's ark was made ( Genesis 6:14 ). Gopher wood or gopherwood is a term used once in the Bible for the substance from which Noah's ark was built. How could it possibly be the root of the feminine noun gofrit? Though it is a rare tree, the Forest Department has refrained from marking it as special by putting a sign board, fearing that would attract forest brigands. According to state Forest Department officials, though the fully-grown gopher in Gavi is the only such tree sighted in the periphery of the jungle, possibly there could be more such trees still surviving in the inner forests of PTR. This word order reflects the way the Old Testament frequently refers to trees that were used for construction purposes (note, our English translations usually reverse the order for a more natural reading). a) it possesses an high stamina to immersions into sea water, since it is naturally impregnated with resin (); Attempts to identify gopher wood as cypress or any other known tree, based on Noah's supposed location, ignore the fact that the flood destroyed the entire face of the earth. Diary of *Wenamon. God continues to speak to us in details that may not even be able to understand or fully know but uses even these small details as a way to bring himself glory and honor. Help us share the truth of Gods Word and the gospel! [] Here, there is a great continuity of usage for the tree, as despite its cultural interchange it still remains understood for the same purposes in death.). They weigh a few hundred grams (1 lb. Armenia is where the ark is believed to have landed, in the mountains of Ararat. Australian Buloke: This is an ironwood tree that is native to Australia, with a Janka hardness of 5,060 lbf. The word woodchuck is simply another name for a groundhog. The Enhanced Strongs Lexicon cites the noun kopher as occurring 17 times10 of the references having something to do with ransom (8) and satisfaction (2). The gopher tortoise range is from southern South Carolina through the southern half of Georgia, into Florida, and west into southern Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. I can only hope that people would say that about me! Who prepares rain for the earth, (Actually, its stated in cubits, not feet). EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. The very materials used in the construction of the Ark not only convey protection from the judgment of the floodwaters but a deeper layer of meaning in the protection against a sulphurous fiery judgment in the afterlife. However, since both of these ideas are flawed, we should not endorse such a conclusion. This is a Hebrew word meaning pitch., If this theory is correct, the real passage would read, Make yourself an ark of pitched wood; make rooms in the ark, and cover it inside and outside with pitch.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'cutthewood_com-banner-1','ezslot_2',631,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-cutthewood_com-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'cutthewood_com-banner-1','ezslot_3',631,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-cutthewood_com-banner-1-0_1');.banner-1-multi-631{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? They are translated, commonly, with gopher (wood), pitch (it), and tar (or, pitch, again), respectively. But no one actually knows where on the pre -Flood Earth the ark was built, and how that is related to the post -Flood world, so that is really no help. The LXX is often helpful when trying to discover the meaning of Hebrew terms, but in this case, it does not seem to offer much assistance. Genesis 6:14 states that Noah was instructed to build the Ark of gofer ( ), commonly transliterated as gopher wood, a word not otherwise used in the Bible or the Hebrew language in general. Biologists know that gophers are found primarily in North America. No scientific evidence has been found that Noahs Ark existed as it is described in the Bible. Where is gopher wood found in the world? Chapt. "You got my card, I'm not in the book, you know." Gopher is a hard-working rodent who lives underneath the Hundred Acre Wood in his tunnels and mine shafts and frequently in Rabbit's House. No, I mean, are you building it out of gopher wood?. As stated by Tony Evans, obedience in the midst of evil should be the supreme goal and desire of Gods people (The Tony Evans Bible commentary, p. 64). How long did it take to build Noah's Ark? Perhaps the most famous ship known for its size is the Titanic. * Dr. Tomkins is Director of Life Sciences at the Institute for Creation Research and earned his Ph.D. in genetics from Clemson University. Is it possible to rotate a window 90 degrees if it has the same length and width? (14) Make thee an ark. 103 Pallet Bar DIY Plans & Ideas to Inspire You, How to Get Rid of Wood Borers (Step-by-Step Guide), Effective Ways To Prevent Wood Infestation, Watch Out: Signs of Wood-Destroying Insects and How To Eliminate Them. The gopher tortoise species Gopherus polyphemus is its eldest endangered species living in a certain Southeastern U.S. range. Like many types of wood, acacia is naturally antibacterial, and is therefore safe to use for preparing or serving food. In fact, we know its exact size it was 450 x 45 x 75 feet, with an approximate volume of 1,518,750 cubic feet. Acts & Facts. I would speculate that the original word might have sounded like the name of an antediluvian town or locale. Near the bottom of the Lynx window, the prompt "URL to open:" will appear. In this case, nouns based on the verb to cover (kaphar) can be formed to refer to anything that covers something else. The crosses that the thieves were on are identical in meaning to the cross Jesus died on. The tips may, however, be changed with walnut, compressed wood, ebony, or brass to create worlds of new sounds. All rights reserved. Welcome to Biblical Hermeneutics. According to King James` Bible, God told Noah: "make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark; and shall pitch it within and without pitch.". Gopher tree can be cypress or any of the following: cedar, pine, ebony, fir, wicker, juniper, acacia, bulrushes, and boxwood. It probably refers to a type of cedar or pine. According to legend, Noah loaded two of every animal onto a 150-meter long ark to save them from apocalyptic flooding. Even though we might think of conceptual connections between homonyms and other words that look to be related, we must be careful about infusing words with spiritual significance if the text does not warrant it. How did Biblical translators decide on cypress for the type of wood in Noah's ark? So that's what the question is centered on. Do polish your answer up a bit! [3] The Aramaic Targum Onkelos, considered by many Jews to be an authoritative translation of the Hebrew scripture, renders this word as qadros, 'cedar'. It hasn't been mentioned anywhere else in history, so it's not entirely . The article went on to make the following claim about gopher wood: As shown above, there is no justification for linking gopher with brimstone, and so the entire discussion about its supposed connection with sulfur is unwarranted. Perhaps the LXX translators were privy to reliable sources to support this interpretation, but such materials are not available to researchers today. Gopher has a whistling sound in his speech. The King James Version correctly separates gopherwood into two words: gopher wood that represents two different Hebrew words as discussed above. Noahs ark, according to Answers in Genesis, took between 55 to 75 years to build. The word they chose is tetragonos () or "four-cornered," which gave rise to speculation that this might actually be some early form of laminate or cross-grained plywood sheets. It only takes a minute to sign up. cover it inside and outside with pitch. Youre never too young to be a creation scientist! Also living within this range is the resilient Southern live oak species Quercus virginiana being the stongest wood for building ships. For example, the Jewish Encyclopedias article on gopher wood cites Paul de Lagarde, who proposed that gopher and gofrit are related and connected with sulfur because of the likeness in appearance which sulfur bears to pine-resin.9 Regarding this idea and other modern efforts to identify gopher wood, the article states that, as a rule, these claims are arbitrary and unsatisfactory. Try downloading another browser like Chrome or Firefox. In other words, we have the symbolic act of a high priest making atonement for the sins of the peopleinsulating and protecting them from judgment. Newsletter 5842-004 The Second & Third Curse. There is no agreement among specialists as to what it means. Internet Explorer is no longer supported. Quick summary Gophers and groundhogs are both types of burrowing rodents and are both found across North America, but they're different animals. The team claims to have found in 2007 and 2008 seven large wooden compartments buried at 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) above sea level, near the peak of Mount . gopher vs. groundhog "Gopher" in the KJV is simply a transcription of Hebrew . When we started building the Ark Encounter, people frequently asked, Are you building the Ark out of the same thing Noah did? I would typically respond by saying, Yes, wood. They would inevitably follow up with a clarification. How many generations were there between Adam and Jesus? Have We Turned Our Favorite Preachers and Teachers into Idols? In the Chaldean account of the deluge, the language everywhere is that of a maritime people: the history in Genesis is as plainly the work of a people . This site is a proud member of the Salem Web Network, a subsidiary of, Copyright 2023, Crosswalk.com. These trees once grew worldwide before the last ice age, and why a small number have survived in Florida is a real mystery. This article attempted to make a couple of theological points based on the authors misunderstanding of these terms. "jo'fehr." Pick up the scripture in Genesis 6:14 "Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch." I would like to show 4 aspects of Noah's ark for us to think about and, once again, to make things easier to remember I will let each thought begin with the letter "S". Genesis 6:14 states that Noah was to build the Ark of gofer (Hebrew: ), more commonly transliterated as gopher wood, a word not otherwise known in the Bible or in Hebrew. It turns out that the identity of the wood itself, not mentioned anywhere else in the Bible, remains a puzzle to be answered. "The tree, which is identified as `gopher`, is known as `Nirampalli` in local parlance. However, as best as we can tell, the semantic ranges of these terms do not overlap at all. durability. Genesis 6:14 states that Noah was to build the Ark of gofer (Hebrew ), more commonly transliterated as gopher wood, a word not otherwise known in the Bible or in Hebrew. Groundhogs are native to North America, and they prefer wooded areas close to more open. More insights from your Bible study - Get Started with Logos Bible Software for Free! Thus, there is no justification for linking these two terms. If gopher wood was to be used today for different projects, no doubt it can carry large amounts of weight and will be indestructible against weather and especially water damage. ; it is a member of the yew family (Taxaceae) . Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? But this is a wonderful testimony to the truth and continuity of Scripture. Schinopsis brasiliensis: A species of flowering plant in the cashew family, this tree originates in Brazil and ranks #2 with a toughness of 4,800 lbf. Many Christians do not seem to recognize how such a view is incompatible with Scripture. Since the Bible does not provide enough information for us to make such a determination, we simply have no way of knowing what gopher wood is today. The ark was said to be about 550 feet in length! Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.
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