The abstractions that are the second order questions will be arrived at from elsewhere, thus your discussion of owning can be on the practical application side of the products of knowledge such as patents and the like, or it can deal with a theoretical discussion of what the possible meanings of owning can be.
Can new knowledge change establish values or beliefs? A sufficient reason is the identification of a subject or theme with its predicates; it is the identification of the causes for some things being what and how it is. Take a closer look at the IB curriculum that you are studying. The emergence of the world-picture and the knowledge and culture derived from it involves an essential decision about beings as a whole. They may sometimes be understood as inner states, activities and processes that we are aware of or live through, but do not usually make objects of introspection or reflection. One may wish to take the journey down the path which discusses techne as that type of knowledge which is in another and for another and provide examples of various products of human endeavours that provide human beings with some good end or usefulness. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. 26. the soul that is not prepared for it and does not possess genuine education. They are the predications of the subject that we call knowledge. We cannot count on them because they are not grounded and the principle of sufficient reason supplies the grounds. We establish values for a reason, and that reason has to do with who we are. they must be given to us a priori. But even today, the principle of reason is not clearly understood as that which determines all cognition and behaviour. This research has different methodologies in the different areas of knowledge, and these methods of disinterring the truth are all pre-determined by the view of the past as an object of study. I have written extensively on imagination in the link below and suggest a reading of this writing as a possible prod to further you along in your Exhibition of this way of knowing the world. The human observer becomes part of the system that is being investigated in the experiment and, ultimately, determines its outcome. 22. What the light of a project reveals are possibilities captured in the interpretation. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects.
can new knowledge change established values or beliefs tok The output that is looked for has already been pre-determined prior to the making or creation. If you know something, it will always integrate with more knowledge if you attain it. It is through the original unconcealment of things which allows us to do anything whatsoever: in order for us to do anything, to act upon anything, to stand in relation to any being, it must have been disclosed to us in advance what a being is in general. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. A good-looking and whimsical maid from Thrace laughed at him and told him that while he might passionately want to know all things in the universe, the things in front of his very nose and feet were unseen by him. Plato adds, This jest also fits all those who become involved in philosophy. The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. From Platos dialectic or that conversation that is conducted among friends, we have inductive and deductive logic, from diaeresisanddianoia,the separation and the bringing together. It is extremely difficult to question the ethics of those possibilities and potentialities because the language from which we could question them arose within the same crucible of seeing or theory that made them possible in the first place i.e. Whether they are the ulemasof Muslim societies or the talking heads of the think-tanks of technological societies, it is the experts who determine how truth has been interpreted and how it should be applied to human actions within communities. In what and from where does our word values have its origins? One might view the current war on terrorism in this light and a fruitful Exhibition can result from determining how this may be the case. Similar explorations can be undertaken in the areas of the arts, particularly the history of the development of the arts. Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge? The knowledge of the techne is his own or he has made that knowledge his own, but the production of knowledge, the products of that knowledge or the applications of the knowledge is through another and for another. Sophia and episteme arenot opinion because they are already complete i.e. Our being-in-the-world is permeated by a lack of knowledge. Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth.
The Theory of Knowledge Exhibition Prompts - IBMastery Only the completeness of the account, perfection, provides the evidence for the fact that every cognition everywhere and at all times can include and count on the objects and reckon with them. Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. Our tragic literature and our art, generally, demonstrate that there might not be as great a separation between theory and practice as we have been led to believe. Why, for example, are we obliged to preserve panda bears in conditions that are far better than most human beings in the world? It is through research that we believe we can uncover that which has been hidden. This rendering is done through language of some kind. The seeing is not based on science as the seeing is outside the purview of science. 27. An old story which Plato speaks about in his Theaetetus is that Thales, while occupied in studying the heavens above and looking up, fell into a well. A world-picture is only one constituent of a world-view. Those who are affectively motivated to form beliefs independent of conceptual coherence will have little motivation to revise those beliefs in light of new ideas that could increase coherence. These are subsets of the political in its essence. With the knowledge that we gain from algebraic calculation, it should come as no surprise that what is called finite calculus was established by the founder of the principle of reason Gottfried Leibniz. For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. We believe we have knowledge when our representations in our minds correspond to the things that we are inquiring about. 19. In Latin, this account is ratio:the ground of the truth of judgement isratio. For example, the virtue of a thoroughbred racehorse is to run fast; it is not good if it does not or cannot do so. For the German philosopher Leibniz, a truth is a verifiable proposition, a correct judgement. You also create a document with the title of your IA prompt, images of the three objects, and you will also provide a commentary on each object that identifies each object and its specific real-world context. His speech is sophistry. How we come to understand lived experiences are especially important in the Group 3 subjects. Your discussion requires that you use representational thinking (thinking in images) and inductive reasoning to move from the particular images or objects you have chosen, establish their relation to one another through analogy or metaphor, and then proceed to the general principles and key concepts contained in the prompt that you have chosen to demonstrate your knowledge of those principles and concepts. TOK. For example, if we want our automobiles to perform at optimum efficiency, we are obliged, we owe it to the automobiles to maintain them properly. Procuring health is the setting up of conditions and abetting the properties that are already present in nature and allowing those conditions and properties to flourish. This can be done through perception and calculation. All producing is based on a disclosive looking i.e. You may also wish to discuss owe and its distinctions from own and the possible implications of these in any discussion of this prompt. On what grounds might we doubt a claim? Deformity of the soul is characterized by the movement of the soul towards something which it has established as its aim, the scope in the soul where the aim is sighted, but the individual soul is inadequate to the aim; it is unfitted or not suitable to the aim such as seen in the play Macbeth once again. But such a venturing is necessary if one truly wishes to engage in a search for the truth of things. when so much then so much. The a priori and its priority will be interpreted by you in accordance with your conception of the thinghood of the things or images you have chosen and your understanding of the being of beings or things in general. It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. What is this? When we speak of the production of knowledge, we are tacitly recognizing technology as a way of knowing as a way of revealing the things that are hidden. it is public. Culture is a 19th century word and has come to prominence with the arrival and dominance of the Human Sciences as a way of viewing the world. Plato and Aristotle called these expertssophists. Paper: 'Woman's brain, man's brain: feminism and anthropology in late nineteenth-century France' Einstein, for example, has been quite clear that it was not reason only that brought about his theory of relativity but that imagination played a great part in its final coming-to-be. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? 24. Bookmark. The material tools, the instruments, come after technology establishes its dominion in the realm of beings. Withoutphronesisone develops misperceptions of things. What counts as good evidence for a claim? Logosis an assertion about something and an addressing of some thing as some thing. 31. What we call knowledge involves truth and judgement. To what extent is objectivity possible in the production or acquisition of knowledge? We go to something to see (perhaps with artificial aids such as microscopes) what happens to it under varying conditions, either waiting for the new conditions to arise or intervening to produce them. However, it does not supply a sufficient reason for the shops being closed. Activities such as gene splicing to produce seed that will not reproduce, etc. We can see its relation to what is now called algorithms. It must be that we feel that we have nothing to learn from the thinking that occurred before this time, or perhaps we feel that we already know the discussions that the great minds undertook regarding things in the past and that we can learn about them but not from them. Enjoy!Links & fact checks can be found on www.TOKTalk.org. Each of the prompts is discussed in turn below: This is a useful prompt in that one may be able to respond to it in the simplest of terms or one may proceed to the very abyss of what thinking is in ones response to it. 23. While the responsibility for the work of art belongs to the artist herself, the art that provided the prompt to bring forth the work was certainly not her own although we believe that the creativity and imagination that are inherent in the work are the artists responsibility. The philosophical principles lying inside quantum physics and Heisenbergs indeterminacy principle are proofs that what was traditionally called objectivity in the sciences is no longer possible. Ethics study what people should do and speaks about ideal behaviour. Obviously, the societies of which we are members determine what knowledge is and what types of knowledge will be considered valuable. Works of art, poems, and tragedies are all perceived as things, and the manner of our questioning about them is done through research, the calculation that determines why the things/the works are as they are through historical studies. 15. The IB is one such community.
Final TOK Exhibition.docx - Can new knowledge change established values I have written at greater length about values, knowledge and truth in other sections of this blog and you can explore those writings should you choose to do so. This prompt is very similar in nature to prompt #19 i.e. What this question is asking is can the knowledge that we learned changed beliefs or values that we were taught by our guardians since we were born in other words, the knowledge that we grew up on. 14. Perhaps in your study of Shakespeare you have come across the Elizabethan world-picture or order of being, but this is not how the Elizabethans viewed themselves; this understanding is a later German understanding. To count on means that the knowledge produced can be relied upon with certainty to be that which is said about it. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower. From Oedipus to Hamlet and King Lear to Willy Loman, tragic heroes meet their demise, their. 7. How this conflict will be resolved is a matter for the future, but one cannot be optimistic regarding what the outcomes might be. Technologys erosion of human being and its enclosing of the world (the opposite of disclosing) are offset by its ability to give us experiences. From Oedipus to Hamlet and King Lear to Willy Loman, tragic heroes meet their demise, their nemesis, their just desserts, due to their lack of knowledge of who they are and the actions they must take, or not take, because of who they are. Modern machine technology looks to science, to scientific, empirical, practical, reliable, proven facts and is not guided by murky theory. We view material tools as technology, but as our writing on technology demonstrates, while this is a correct understanding of what technology is, it does not get us to the essence of technology: the tools are the outcome of what the essence of technology is and they are brought into being because technology provides the open space for their ability to be. Due to these people's different viewpoints of how they view an article, new knowledge can sometimes change established values or beliefs, but not always. If a thing cannot be named, it cannot be given over to others. Judgement is the connection between what is stated with that about which a statement is made. I know this will likely bother anyone who is interested in order and logic, but I've decided to break the order of prompts so I can publish them as I record them. The ignorance cannot be eliminated with definite bits of knowledge; it cannot be something that provides or produces a definite stock of objective knowledge and provides definite objective ways of knowing things. In todays philosophical language this interpretative method is called hermeneutics, and it derives its authority from the premise that all knowledge is historical i.e. A discussion of what values and beliefs are might be demonstrated and you might find this link helpful. CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; 10. Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. Are some types of knowledge less open to interpretation than others? What is objectivity? It is no surprise that the great discoveries of modern physics were primarily initiated by Germans, Einstein and Heisenberg for instance, just as it is not an accident that the great discoveries of Newton and Darwin belong to the English-speaking world. v) Shakespeares Macbeth is not a play about ambition: Shakespeare is not against ambition; it is a play that concerns the outcomes of the illness that at times accompanies ambition and the ambitious. How can we judge when evidence is adequate? Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. His original term was areteor what we have translated as virtue, and knowing oneself was to have knowledge of ones possibilities and potentialities. It'll help reduce work load for both students and teachers, while ensuring students get a deeper understanding and focus on the HL subjects. 25. The various types of knowledge that were understood by the Greeks and which are outlined in the linkCT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower indicate that interpretation is linked to doubt and skepticism in our modern understanding of what knowledge is. What this means is that something is, something can only be identified as a being/thing, only if it is stated in a sentence that satisfies the fundamental principle of reason as its founding i.e.. it is the fundamental principle of all that is, including statements made to others. This reign of the object as material thing, as the genuine substructure of all things, reaches into the area that we call the spiritual; into the sphere of the meaning and significance of language, of history, of the work of art, and all of the areas of knowledge of TOK. You will then find three objects or images of objects that relate to this prompt and develop your interpretation accordingly. Human beings becoming a subjectum is to be found in the thinking of Descartes. If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. Requiring surety and certainty are the consequences of the approach to life that we have inherited from Cartesianism: cogito ergo sum. A question has arisen regarding the idea of added value in comment #2. This object is a picture of a place that played a pivotal part on the reformism of casteism. This is what you are doing with the images and objects of your Exhibition. Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? 8. how reality is conceived. 11. A link that might be of some help with a discussion of this broad theme is posted here: The Natural Sciences: Historical Background. A current example could be the claims made by Alan Dershowitz, a prominent professor of law from Harvard University, in the impeachment trial of Donald J. Trump. 30. The Greeks had a saying: The future comes to meet us from behind and it is this future that is encapsulated in the historical development of the knowledge that preceded it. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. OMG! World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. For Plato, the truelogosis silent to the soul which does not have the possibility of hearing it i.e. will be choices that individuals in the future will have to make with the know-how that they have. Hence, even though the movie proves how gaining personal knowledge can lead to a change in personal values and beliefs, it does not comply with all the families in the world. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. You may want to reflect on the saying: the good end justifies any means and through your examples show the nature of bias. 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs | Clastify Theory of Knowledge : TOK Exhibition Written Commentary. Our modern scientific knowledge in the form of quantum physics demonstrates that what has been traditionally understood as certainty regarding knowledge of nature and inquiries into nature is not possible. About calculus, Leibniz once wrote: When God reckons, a world comes into being; with the death of God it is, of course, human beings who do the reckoning that bring worlds into being, what we call perspectivism. It can also be a statement exhibiting a relation of implication i.e. (cf. Doubt was a requisite for thought for it inspired wonder. 32. r/IBO. Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. But the end for the Greeks was to demonstrate why their trust was an appropriate response to the things that are and this trust overcame the doubt and skepticism that initiated their search for knowledge. With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. New knowledge can change established values and beliefs in many different ways. In this search, we tend to look for things or at possible things which are far away from us rather than at those things that are nearest to us. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know? If the first principle is the principle of reason, then the rest of ones discourse must be logically derived and the conclusions drawn from that principle. However, the soul in need of purification shuts itself off from such instruction because it feels it does not need the purification to begin with because it believes that it already knows. Until they become a thing, they are not knowable. This is called perfection. What is the knowledge the lack of which is an indication of our madness? Fortunately the Greeks had no experiences Hence they did not believe that the point of art is to provide them. (Heidegger).
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